Eric Hanushek on the "teacher effectiveness gap"

Eric Hanushek / March 1, 2012

This is a guest post from Eric Hanushek, the Paul and Jean Hanna senior fellow at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, in response to Mike Petrilli’s essay, “The ‘teacher effectiveness gap’ was just a myth: 3 implications.”

Let me try to put some of the issues raised by Mike Petrilli’s recent post in perspective. Much of the research has found substantial variation in teacher quality within all schools. It is difficult to ascertain how much variation there is between schools, but I don't think answering that question is key to policy.

• We want to improve the quality of teachers everywhere—which in my opinion calls for weeding out the ineffective teachers everywhere.


• Even if little of the variation in teacher quality is between schools, it does not eliminate concerns about what is happening in disadvantaged schools.


• A recent EdTrust West paper—which is great and which tried to analyze the issues in a serious way—finds some substantial differences in average quality (biased against disadvantaged students) in Los Angeles—so if a serious analysis of New York City finds no bias, we will still be left with policy issues outside of NYC.


• It would not make sense to attempt to redistribute good teachers from middle-class to low-income schools, but we can still pursue policies that try to hold top teachers in poor schools. Thus, direct incentives (tied to effectiveness of teachers) would make sense in poor schools. That would be a direct way to increase average quality. Moreover, apropos the recent LA

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  Category: Teachers

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  Eric Hanushek on the "teacher effectiveness gap"

Wrong, wrong, wrong, Mr. President

yes Chester E. Finn, Jr. / February 28, 2012

We are obligated to respect the office of President of the United States but nobody needs to agree with what the occupant of that office says. And Barack Obama could not have been more wrong in his mid-day remarks yesterday to the nation's governors on the subject of school teachers.

The President could not have been more wrong in his remarks yesterday to the nation's governors on the subject of school teachers. Photo by jamesomalley.

In perhaps his most vivid example yet of election-year pandering to the teacher unions that comprise a non-trivial part of the Democratic Party's "base," he rattled on at considerable length about the need to "get more teachers into our classrooms."

MORE teachers. Not better teachers. Not teachers that add greater value to their students and make their schools more effective. Not teachers who know their subject matter. Not more pay and greater professional opportunities for outstanding teachers. Just plain MORE TEACHERS, supported with more money from federal and state budgets.

Don't ask whether that's the best possible use of scarce education dollars in a time of reduced revenue and perilous debt. Just spend more on more teachers.

Almost everybody who has paid any attention to education policy or finance by now knows that the student:teacher ratio in U.S. schools went from

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Wrong, wrong, wrong, Mr. President

The "teacher effectiveness gap" was just a myth: 3 implications

yes Michael J. Petrilli / February 27, 2012

CORRECTION. This fantastic Gotham Schools article explains that New York’s rating system was designed to guarantee that “effective” and “ineffective” teachers would be found all over the city. Which renders the New York Times story—and my post—basically moot.
Still, this wasn’t the first bit of evidence showing that we might not have a teacher effectiveness gap, or at least much of one. This rigorous CALDER study, in particular, found that:

So the evidence on the lack of a gap isn’t as open and shut as my post implies. But it certainly appears likely that the gap is much smaller than we once thought—which does call for pushing the pause button on massive efforts to move teachers around.

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The finding—reported by the Times this weekend—that really good, and really bad, teachers are evenly distributed around New York City is jaw-dropping news. It upends everything we thought we knew about teacher quality, especially the notion that our achievement gap is caused in large part by a "teacher quality gap," with the worst teachers clustered in the neediest schools. But they aren't. So now

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The "teacher effectiveness gap" was just a myth: 3 implications

Charter school teachers would be hit hard by new Treasury Department ruling on pensions

Michael Podgusrky, Stuart Buck, and Renita Thukral / January 23, 2012

When Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans in 2005, hundreds of public schools were put out of commission and their staff placed on leave. Many charters schools expanded to absorb the displaced students, and these charter schools hired teachers from traditional schools to meet the enrollment demand. A glitch, fixed by state legislation, was to allow the displaced teachers to remain in the state teacher pension plan since some of the charter schools did not participate in the state plan. In 2010 this temporary law expired. Many of these transplanted teachers remain employed in charter schools and wished to continue to participate in the state teacher plan. Legislation was passed to allow these transplanted teachers to remain permanently in the state retirement plan, if—and this is a very big if—the Treasury Department approved.

Are charter schools sufficiently “governmental” that they can participate in state and local pension plans?

The Treasury Department held off ruling on the Louisiana case while it worked on regulations that would provide new guidance on what it meant for a plan to be a "governmental plan." In November, the Treasury Department issued proposed regulations on the subject, and the news is not good for charter school teachers in Louisiana, or anywhere, since these new rules would affect charter schools in all states.

The legal issues are complex, and in a forthcoming study, two of us (Buck and Thukral) will attempt to sort them out. However, the nub of the matter centers on whether charter school teachers are considered government employees. In particular, are charter schools sufficiently “governmental” that they can participate in

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Charter school teachers would be hit hard by new Treasury Department ruling on pensions